Mpox Symptoms and Treatment - What You Need to Know

Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. With its recent rise in global awareness, understanding the symptoms and available treatments is essential to managing and controlling its spread effectively.

What Are the Symptoms of Mpox?

Mpox symptoms typically develop 5 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. The disease progresses through two distinct stages:

Early Symptoms (Prodromal Phase):

• Fever
• Chills
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Back pain
• Swollen lymph nodes (a key differentiator from smallpox)
• Fatigue

These symptoms often resemble those of the flu or other viral infections, which can make early diagnosis challenging.

Rash Development (Eruptive Phase):

Within 1-3 days after the fever begins, a rash typically appears. This rash progresses through the following stages:

• Macules: Flat, discolored spots.
• Papules: Raised, solid bumps.
• Vesicles: Fluid-filled blisters.
• Pustules: Pus-filled lesions.
• Scabs: Lesions eventually scab over and heal.

The rash often begins on the face and spreads to other parts of the body, including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In recent outbreaks, cases with localized genital or perianal lesions have been observed, highlighting variations in presentation.

How Is Mpox Diagnosed?

Mpox can be confirmed through laboratory testing, typically via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the virus's DNA in samples from lesions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for preventing further transmission and initiating timely treatment.

What Are the Treatment Options for Mpox?

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment solely for Mpox. However, supportive care and certain antiviral medications originally developed for related viruses may help:

Symptomatic Relief:

• Pain relievers for fever and aches.
• Hydration to manage dehydration caused by fever.

Antiviral Medications:

• Tecovirimat (TPOXX): Approved for smallpox but often used for Mpox under compassionate use or in severe cases.
• Cidofovir and Brincidofovir: May be effective but are typically reserved for severe cases due to potential side effects.

Isolation and Monitoring:

Infected individuals are advised to isolate themselves to prevent spreading the virus. Healthcare providers monitor symptoms to ensure timely intervention if complications arise.

Prevention is Better Than Cure

While treatment options exist, prevention remains the most effective strategy. Key preventive measures include:

• Vaccination: The Jynneos vaccine is approved for Mpox and smallpox prevention, particularly for those at high risk.
• Hygiene Practices: Frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals or animals.
• Protective Measures: Using personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings or during animal handling.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you develop symptoms such as an unexplained rash, fever, or swollen lymph nodes, especially after potential exposure to Mpox, seek medical advice immediately. Early detection can significantly reduce complications and prevent further spread.

Understanding the symptoms and treatment of Mpox is vital in managing this re-emerging disease. While the world has made strides in addressing recent outbreaks, staying informed and adopting preventive measures are key to controlling its impact. By recognizing early signs and seeking appropriate care, we can collectively reduce the spread of Mpox and ensure better health outcomes for all.